Constantine I, the Great, 307-337 AD. Heraclea, c. 318-20 AD.

Constantine I, the Great, 307-337 AD. Heraclea, c. 318-20 AD.

$400.00

BI Follis, 3.01g (19mm, 12h). IMP CONSTA-NTINVS AVG Laureate, draped bust holding scepter in l. hand and mappa in r. hand / PROVIDEN-TIAE AVGG Camp gate with three turrets. Mint mark: SMHA in exergue.

References: RIC 33. Spink 16033

Grade: EF with some silvering. (re1216)

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This follis falls within the so-called PROVIDENTIAE AVGG series, struck across numerous mints in the years following the defeat of Licinius's eastern colleague Valerius Valens and the temporary, uneasy peace established between Constantine and Licinius after the campaigns of 316-317, when the two augusti still nominally shared rule of the empire under a single legend honoring their joint foresight, even as their relationship moved inexorably toward the final confrontation that would leave Constantine sole emperor by 324. The camp gate reverse, ubiquitous across the Tetrarchic and Constantinian periods, drew on the visual language of military fortification to project the stability and defensive vigilance of the imperial office, here distilled into a compact architectural emblem of three crenellated turrets above an arched gateway, a type so widely struck across the empire's mints that it stands as one of the most recognizable bronze reverses of the early 4th century.

The obverse portrait belongs to the more sober, classicizing phase of Constantine's coined image, the laurel wreath and draped bust still rooted in earlier imperial portrait conventions, predating the more overtly stylized and increasingly otherworldly imperial likenesses that would emerge later in his reign as Constantine's self-presentation evolved toward the remote, diadem-wearing autocrat of his final years. The mint mark SMHA places this issue at Heraclea in Thrace, one of the more prolific eastern mints of the period and a useful indicator of the coin's circulation within the Balkan and Thracian heartland during the years when Constantine's territory bordered directly on that of Licinius, making Heraclea's output a tangible numismatic witness to the divided, watchful empire of the later 310s. This example retains an attractive even strike with EF detail and traces of original silvering still clinging to the surfaces, a desirable survival for a base-silver issue of this period that so often circulated to the point of losing such surface enrichment entirely.