The aspergillum and culullus were essential implements in Roman religious ceremonies, used by priests and priestesses to perform ritual purifications and libations. Depicted on the reverse of this Caesarian denarius, the aspergillum was a brush or sprinkler used to sprinkle holy water (aqua lustralis) during purification rites. The instrument was usually made from olive, laurel, or myrtle branches, or sometimes fashioned from horsehair attached to a handle. This sacred tool was employed in purifying ceremonies to cleanse temples, altars, people, and sacred spaces before religious activities could commence. The culullus (or simpulum) was a small ladle or dipper with a single handle, used to pour libations of wine or other liquids onto altars as offerings to the gods. These vessels were typically made of bronze or precious metals and featured distinctive long handles that extended upward. Both instruments were vitally important to the Romans in maintaining the pax deorum-the peace between gods and mortals.