Roman Republic, Italy. C. Vibius Varus, Rome, c. 42 BC
Roman Republic, Italy. C. Vibius Varus, Rome, c. 42 BC
AR Denarius, 3.70g (19mm, 12h).
Head of Liber right, wearing ivy-wreath / Panther left springing up toward garlanded altar on which rests mask and against which rests thyrsus; in exergue, C.VIBIVS; on right VARVS
Pedigree: Ex Heritage, CICF Signature Sale, 26 April 2012, lot 23346. From the Mayflower collection
References: Moretti, RRSC, Vol. 2, D275.16. Crawford 494/36. Sydenham 1138. Sear, Imperators 192
Grade: Beautifully struck with iridescence and cabinet toning. A few worn letters on the reverse. Mint State
rr1382
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This type, struck in Rome in 42 BC by C. Vibius Varus, is perhaps the most notable example of a panther on Republican coinage. The imagery is quintessentially Bacchic - the panther leaping toward an altar topped with a thyrsus (the god's ritual staff) and a theatrical mask, all elements central to Dionysian worship. Dionysus is strongly associated with satyrs, centaurs, and Selinus. He is often shown riding a leopard, wearing a leopard skin, or in a chariot drawn by panthers. Additionally, the panther represented the wild, untamed, and ecstatic aspects of the god's nature.
The choice to feature Bacchic imagery in 42 BC is particularly significant. The themes of this coin reflect themes of renewal and liberation. Liberation from tyranny was a key propaganda theme for Octavian and Mark Antony in their struggle against Caesar's assassin. The coin was struck as the Second Triumvirate prepared to avenge Julius Caesar's death, and the Bacchic imagery could also appeal to soldiers, with Bacchus inspiring bravery and euphoria in battle.
